1g) Suppose you are given suger and kerosene.If you have to perform the comparative study of their properties, which scientific learning processes will you use?

 To perform a comparative study of the properties of sugar and kerosene, the following scientific learning processes can be used:

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1. Observation

• Begin by noting their physical properties using the senses:
  • Sugar: Solid, crystalline, white, odorless.
  • Kerosene: Liquid, clear or pale yellow, distinct odor.
• This step helps identify observable differences like state, color, and smell.

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2. Experimentation

• Conduct experiments to compare properties that cannot be observed directly:
  • Solubility:
    • Test their solubility in water by adding equal amounts of sugar and kerosene to separate beakers of water and stirring.
    • Expected Result: Sugar dissolves in water; kerosene does not.
  • Flammability:
    • Carefully test their flammability under controlled conditions.
    • Expected Result: Kerosene is highly flammable; sugar burns slowly when exposed to heat.
  • Density:
    • Use a measuring cylinder and water displacement method to find their densities.
    • Expected Result: Sugar sinks in water, indicating higher density; kerosene floats, showing lower density.

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3. Measurement

• Use tools to measure and compare properties:
  • Melting Point:
    • Heat sugar and kerosene separately and record the temperature at which sugar melts and kerosene starts vaporizing.
  • Volume and Mass:
    • Compare their density using a balance for mass and a graduated cylinder for volume.

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4. Classification

• Based on the observed and measured data, classify the two substances:
  • Sugar: A polar, solid substance with high solubility in water and low flammability.
  • Kerosene: A non-polar, liquid hydrocarbon with low solubility in water and high flammability.

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5. Inference and Analysis

• Analyze the experimental results to draw conclusions about their chemical and physical properties. For example:
  • Sugar is more suitable as a food ingredient due to its solubility and stability.
  • Kerosene is more suitable as a fuel due to its flammability and liquid state.

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Conclusion

Using a combination of observation, experimentation, measurement, classification, and analysis, you can systematically compare the properties of sugar and kerosene to gain a deeper understanding of their distinct characteristics.

                                    ✍👉 Prosperous team